Scraper



G. S. ALLIN SCRAPER 4 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Sept. 18, 1944 m R. N 0 W W M m L 4 w a 4 I Ni? {.V WW 0 J k w .E 9

Aug. 17, 1948. G. s. ALLlN 2,447,455

SCRAPER Filed Sept. 18, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 &

INVENTOR. 6150/26.: 5. //1 1 SCRAPER 4 Sheet Ls 3 Filed S 18' 1944 m. N T M W VL m4 W G. S. ALLlN Aug. 17, 1948.

SCRAPER 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Sept. 18, 1944 INVENTOR.

N m. H J a m z 6 control the gate movements.

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amass semen George S. Allin, Seattle, Wash, assignor to Isaacson Iron Works, Seattle, Wash, a corporation of Washington Application September 18, 1914, Serial No. 554,642

3 Claims.

This invention relates to dirt moving vehicles of those kinds, or types, referred to in the art and known in industry as scrapers. More particularly, the invention has reference to improvements in scrapers of large capacity, to be drawn by a tractor, or other powered draft vehicle and designed to scrape up, carry and forcibly eject their loads.

Scrapers of the above kind now in general use, have a forwardly opening bowl, equipped across the forward edge of its bottom wall with a blade by which dirt may be scraped up, upon so lowering the forwardly drawn bowl as to bring the blade into ground contact. Forwardly of the blade, the bowl is equipped with a gate that may be raised for bowl loading operations and then lowered to retain the load in the bowl. Such scrapers also have been equipped with mechanically powered load ejector means.

In scrapers of the kind referred to, the lowering and raising of the bowl, the control of the gate and the actuation of the load ejector devices are, in some instances, controlled by hydraulic means. In other instances, by cables extended between the operated parts and cable winding drums on the towing tractor. However, in present-day cable operated vehicles of this kind to which this application particularly relates, there are objectionable features, now to be mentioned, which have been overcome by the invention hereinafter disclosed.

It is generally the case that a heavy superstructure is employed for the suspension of pulley blocks and sheaves that support and guide the cables that control the raising and lowering of the bowl. Likewise, on the bowl, is a structure that carries blocks and sheaves for the cables that Heretofore, where the bowl and the various control cables have been so suspended, the lowering or raising of the bowl has caused an incidental change in position of parts that resulted in a tightening or loosening effect on the gate operating cables that was not only undesirable but ,was detrimental as well.

Furthermore, such superstructures have added considerable weight to the vehicles and have interfered with the vision of the operators on the towing tractors, thus making it diiiicult to observe dirt conditions in the scraper bowls. Superstructures, particularly over the bowl, seriously interfere with power shovel loading should such loading of the scrapers be desired.

In View of the foregoing, and for other reasons, it has been an object of this invention to provide a cable operated scraper, incorporating improved features of construction therein, whereby the usual superstructure is eliminated and a substantial amount of weight is thereby avoided; whereby the raising or lowering of the bowl has no position changing effect on the gate relative to the bowl and causes no detrimental slackening or tightening effect on the cables; whereby obstructions in the line of vision between operator and the bowl, are avoided to the maximum and a more satisfactory construction and better operating device is obtained.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a single operating cable for both gate and ejector actuation and to provide means in connection therewith whereby the gate will be moved to full open position before the ejector is actuated. Furthermore, to so arrange the cable connections that shortening or lengthening, due to change in position or relationship of frame parts in raising or lowering the'bowl, will be automatically compensated for.

It is also an object of this invention to provide improvements in the ejector mechanism whereby the application of power for advancing the ejector for discharge of a load will have a lifting effect on the ejector plate, causing it to float or ride easily over the bottom plate with a minimum of friction. Also, to provide novel linkage in connection with the ejector whereby torque reaction is balanced and the ejector plate held in proper alinement in its operations.

Still further objects of the invention reside in details of construction of the various parts, in their combination and mode of operation as will hereinafter be fully described.

In accomplishing these and other objects of the invention, I have provided the improved details of construction, the preferred forms of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Fig. 1 is a side view of a scraper embodied by the present invention, showing the gate in partly raised position, and the blade in scraping contact with the ground for loading the bowl.

Fig. 2 is a top view'of the scraper.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal, vertical section of the scraper, showing the gate fully opened and a position of the ejector plate during an ejection operation.

Figure 4 is a view diagrammatically illustrating the cable, and pulley block arrangement.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional detail of the ejector mechanism showing the ejector fully retracted.

Referring more in detail to the drawings- The scraper bowl is designated in its entirety by reference numeral i, and it comprises oppositeside walls 2 and 2' and a bottom wall 3:,Which latter wall joins the lower edges of the side walls and extends from substantially even with their back edges to about half the distance to their forward edges and there is equipped, across the width of the scraper, with a downwardly and forwardly directed blade 4, and this, as noted in Fig. 1, extends slightly below the bottom edges of the side walls.

The side walls of the bowl comprise sheet metal plates that are rigidly fixed to a frame structure which includes, as parts thereof, the horizontally directed bars 5 that extend along the opposite side walls to the forward and rearward edges thereof. Also, the frame includes tubular cross beams 6 and I that rigidly join the side wall frames at the top edges across the forward and rearward ends of the bowl, as is clearly shown in Fig. 3. The bottom wall 3 and blade 4 are braced and supported by longitudinally directed beams 8 that underlie the wall and which have rear end portions 8 thereof extended upwardly and rearwardly from the bottom wall and joined, rearward of the bowl, with downwardly directed brace arms 9 fixed to the side wall frames and to the cross beam I for the mounting of four, transversely alined bearings ill in which transversely alined axles II are fixed and on which axles dual sets of ground wheels i2 are mounted. These wheel sets are located symmetrically at opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of the bowl, as noted in Fig. 2. In that space between the wheel sets, the ejector actuating mechanism, presently to be described, is located.

The gate, whereby a scraped up load may be retained in the bowl, is designated by numeral l3, and it is operatively mounted on the bowl by means of arms l4-I4 rigidly secured to its opposite ends. These arms have ends pivoted in the frame structure of the side walls of the bowl, as at I5, so that the gate may be swung upwardly and forwardly, from its closed position with its lower edge engaged against the blade, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, to the fully raised position in which it is shown in full lines in that view.

The forward end of the vehicle is supported by a pair of ground wheels l8, mounted on the opposite ends of a cross axle [9 to which axle a tongue 20 is operatively attached for the operative connection of the scraper to a draft vehicle of suitable kind.

Supported upon and fixed pivotally to the cross axle l9, centrally between its ends, is the downwardly directed, forward end portion No of a boom beam 2i which extends from the axle in a rearwardly and upwardly directed position above the forward end portion of the bowl. Beneath this boom- 2i is a rigid frame structure comprising a tubular, horizontally directed cross-beam 22 which extends equally to opposite sides and slightly beyond the line of the side walls of the bowl, as noted in Fig. 2. This cross beam is fixed rigidly to the beam 2i by means of forwardly directed brace members 24, and upwardly and rearwardly directed members 25. Fixed rigidly to the opposite ends of the cross beam 22, are paired, rearwardly and downwardly extended arms 26-26, which, at their rearward ends, have pivoted connections, as at 21, with opposite sides of the bowl; these points of pivotal connection being transversely alined and being located a distance back of the cutting edge an amount equal to the height above the cutting edge. The height above the cutting edge is equal to the tion of the bowl.

4 rolling radii of the standard size tires for each different size scraper.

The rearward end portion of the boom beam 2| centrally overhangs the gate and the forward part of the bowl and it carries therein at its extreme end, a pair of sheaves 30 over which a cable G operates, as presently explained, for control of movements of the gate and ejector. Near its end, the boom carries another set of sheaves 3i over which a cable B for the raising and lowering of the bowl extends. This also will presently be explained.

The load ejector is shown best in Fig. 3, and it comprises an upright plate 32 extended between the side walls of the bowl and normally resting along its lower edge upon the bottom wall of the bowl. This plate extends substantially to the full width of the bowl and its location therein when the bowl is being loaded, is a re tracted position adjacent the rear edge of the bottom plate.

Fixed rigidly to the elector plate, centrally thereof and at its top edge, is a rearwardly extended horizontally directed arm 33 which arm, at its rear end, extends between and has a pivoted or hinged connection, as at 34, with the spaced upper end portions of an upright arm or link 35. The link 35 is hingedly mounted at its lower end in the bowl frame, as at 36, to swing forwardly and rearwardly with the forward or rearward movements of the ejector plate.

Mounted in the arm 33, at a short distance forwardly of its pivotal connection with link 34, are paired sheaves 31 carried on a cross shaft 38, and fixed to the cross beam 1 at a location midway of its ends, is a forwardly directed bracket arm 39 to which a sheave block containing a sheave wheel 40 is pivotally attached; this wheel being directly below the arm 33 as noted in Fig. 3. The cable G is extended about the sheave wheels 31 and the sheave 40, as presently explained, for the forward actuation of the ejector.

The retraction of the ejector, after being moved forwardly by its operating means, takes place when the operating tension on the cable is slackened ofi, and this retraction is effected by means shown in Fig. 5, wherein 45 designates a cylinder that is fixed rigidly and centrally in the rear end portion of the bowl supporting frame, and extended in the longitudinal direc- In the cylinder is a coiled spring 46 under compression. At the rear end of the cylinder is a sheave wheel 41 and extended over this is a cable 48 which, at one end, is pivotally attached to the arm 35 as at 49. The other end portion of this cable is extended into the cylinder, axially of the spring and is attached to a plate 50 against which the inner end of the spring seats. The spring is thus held under tension and, through the cable 48, operates to pull the arm 35 from its forward position, as at the end of a load ejecting operation, to a rearwardly inclined position, as seen in Figs. 1 and 5, and by this movement, and through its connection with arm 33, pulls the ejector plate to its retracted position; the spring 45, however, yields under pull of the ejector opv crating cable G and allows the ejector to move pull takes the'weight oil the ejector plate so that its rounded lower edge will ride freely on the bottom wall 3 of the bowl on a self-lubricating film of dirt. In fact, the elector plate has a semi-floating action.

It is essential, due to the weight of the dirt to be ejected, and length of the ejector plate ejector plate, have upper ends pivoted on the forward side of the cross beam 1, as at 51. These links are rigidly joined near their upper ends by a horizontal cross shaft .58. ,At their lower ends, the links 56 are pivotally connected as at 80, to the rearward ends of a set of links 59 which have forward endspivotally ailixed, as at 8|, to ribs on the back side of the plate '32, near its lower edge. The links 59 are rigidly joined by a cross shaft 63. The hinge axes of the two sets of links with each other and with the frame and plate are all parallel, horizontal and transverse of the bowl. Therefore, the plate willbe held against any angular misalinement in its forward or rearward movements, regardless of uneven distribution of the load.

The raising and lowering of the bowl between loading and raised positions in which it has been shown in Figs. 1 and 3, is effected by the following described means: Ailixed centrally to a the cross beam 5' which joints the forward ends of the side wall frames of the bowl. is a. pulley block 65. This is in a cooperative location below the pulley sheaves 3| carried in the upper end portions of the boom beam 2|. The .bowl operating cable B previously mentioned, isextended from a winding drum on the draft vehicle, not shown, about a guide sheave 61, see Fig. 2, carried in a housing 68 that is pivoted on the forward side of the vertical leg 2 I a of the boom beam 2 l then extends upwardly over a guide sheave 83 at the upper end of leg 2|a, then is extended along the beam 2|, threaded about the sheaves 3| and wheels of pulley block 85, and has a dead end "connection on the beam 2| as effected by the clamp 10 seen in Fig. 3. Thus, by paying out or drawing in on this cable B to lengthen or to shorten the distance between the sheaves 3| and block 65, the forward end of the bowl will be raised or lowered accordingly.

The raising and lowering of the gate, likewise, is effected by the winding in and paying out 'of the previously mentioned cable G, which extends from a winding drum on the draft vehicle; these parts not being shown, passing rearwardly therefrom about a guide sheave 13 that is paired with sheave 81, then over a guide sheave ll, paired with sheave 59, then to the upper end of beam 2| and is there extended over a pulley sheave 33,

then downwardly about a pulley wheel in a pulley block 15 fixed centrally to the gate, then extended upwardly and overanother sheave 30, thence' rearwardly about one of the sheave wheels 31 at the rear end of the ejector arm 33, then forwardly about sheave 40, then rearwardly and about the other sheave wheel 31 on shaft 33, then forwardly over a guide I1 and is dead ended on the beam 2| as seen at 18. Thus, when the cable G is wound in, it first raises the gate to its limit of upward travel, then with farther winding in of the cable, the ejector plate is moved forwardly accordingly. When the cable G is paid out, the ejector is first retracted by the expanding action of spring 33, and then, after it has reached its fully retracted position, the gate will lower as the cable is paid out.

The upward travel of the gate is limited by the engagement ,of stops 33 fixed thereto at its opposite ends, with hook brackets 8| that are fixed to the cross beam 8 as observed in Fig. 3. An advantageous feature of the present ejector mechanism resides in the fact that when the ejector plate has been fully advanced by the forward swinging action of arm 35, at which its lower edge then is substantially even with the top edge of the blade I, an additional slight pull on the cable G will cause the plate to kick upwardly and forwardly, thereby to .clear the blade of any dirt that might otherwise pile up thereon against the plate. Also, this will give the operator a line of vision to the back of the bowl which will indicate to him that the bowl has been emptied.

Another advantage in the use of the floating type ejector plate is that a false bottom plate may be easily and quickly placed over bottom 3 for its protection when gravel loading of the bowl is to be by shovelinstead. of by scraper action.

' With the forward frame structure of the vehicle, including the boom 2|, cross beam 22 and the arms 2626, pivotally connected to the bowl at the transversely alined pivot points 21, it will be apparent that with the raising and lowering of the bowl by the paying out or winding in of cable 28,, there will be a relative change in distance between the axes of sheave wheels 30 and sheaves 3], and also change in distance between sheaves 3'0 and the gate, assuming it remains closed. finch change in spacing, in cable operated vehicles as heretofore designed, would cause tightening up or extending of certain cables with undesirable or detrimental results; for example, causing the gate to open. However, in the present instance, the relationship of parts and their action is such that such lengthening or shortening due to change in spacing, is compensated for. For example, with the present bowl in a raised position and the gate closed, should the bowl be lowered, the distance between sheaves 30 and block I5 is somewhat increased, but not to the same extent as the bowl movement since, with the lowering of the bowl, the pivot points 21 also move downward and this causes a rearward and downward movement of the upper end of boom 2| and a shortening of the distance between sheaves 33 and 31, thereby permitting the paying ejector plate disposed across the bowl and movable therein toward andfrom its open end, an arm fixed rigidly to the plate and extended rearwardly therefrom, a link hinged at its lower end to the bowl and hinged at its upper end to the said arm at its rearward end. spring means connected under tension with said link to effect the retractive movement of the ejector and resist ejecting movement thereof, and a powered cable means having forward and upward pulling conass-mes nection with the said plate arm forwardly of its point of connection with the hinged link-to counteract downward pressure of the plate on the bottom wall oi the bowl.

2. In a scraper, a bowl open at its forward end and having opposite side walls and a bottom wall, a load ejector mechanism comprising a substantially upright elector plate disposed across the bowl for travel toward and from its open end. a pusher arm fixed rigidly to the plate at its upper edge and extended rearwardly therefrom, an upright link. hingedat'its lower end to the bowl and hinged at its upper end to the said pusher arm, spring means mounted in the bowl and having a connection under tension with the said link to retract the elector and to resist its forward travel, linkage connection with the plate and bowl to retain its transverse alinement duringtravel and a powered cable having a forward and up pulling connection with said pusher arm for actuation of the elector.

3. A scraper comprising a forwardly opening bowl, trucks supporting the bowl at its rear end, supporting trucks forwardly of the bowl. a boom mounted on the latter trucks and extended rearwardly therefrom to a position above the forward end portion of the bowl, 0. draft frame fixed rigidly to the boom and comprising lever arms extended along opposite sides of the bowl and having pivotal connection therewith at a medial location, means supporting the forward end of the bowl from the boom and adjustable to raise or lower the bowl, an upwardly opening gate mounted in the forward end of the bowl, an upright elector plate disposed across the bowl and movable toward and from its open end, an ejector arm ilxedrigidly to the plate at its top edge and extended rearwardly therefrom, spring means for eilecting automatic retractionof the ejector plate, cable g'uide sheaveson the boom, cable guide sheaves on the bowl, cable guide sheaves on the gate and cable uide sheaves on the eiector plate arm rearwardly of and above that on the bowl and a contlnuous cable forming a bight suspended from .the boom. and passing about the guide sheaves on the gate, thence about the guide means on the 'arm and bowl. and whereby, upon winding in of gthe cablel-the gate will be lifted to open position. then the ejector actuated forwardly with a forward and upward pulling force onthe arm and whereby on paying out the cable. the elector plate 'Will first be retracted and GEORGE 8. AILIN.

REFERENCES CITED The following referencesyare of record in the ille of this patent:

UNITED s'rarss Pa'ran'rs then the gate lowered. 

